What Is Migraine? How Do Migraines Occur? A severe headache is the most typical sign of the neurologic disease migraine. The headache comes in bursts, and it frequently accompanies nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity. Symptoms of a migraine Everybody has a different migraine. They often take place in phases in numerous persons. These phases could involve: Prodrome About 60% of migraine sufferers have symptoms hours or days before a headache. having a sensitive sense of smell, sound, or light Fatigue craving food or having no appetite Mood shifts extreme thirst Bloating bloating or diarrhea Aura The cause of these symptoms, which frequently impair your vision, is your neurological system. They often begin gradually, last between five and twenty minutes, and are shorter than an hour. You could see wavy lines, light bursts, dark blotches, or absent things (hallucinations) have a narrow focus to be completely blind One side of your body is tingling or numb. inability to talk clearly Feeling heavy in the arms and legs? experience ringing in the ears Keep an eye out for changes in your ability to taste. Attack A migraine headache frequently starts off as a throbbing sensation before becoming dull. Usually, it gets worse as you exercise. It’s possible for the pain to originate at the front of your head, spread from one side of your head to the other, or feel ubiquitous across your entire brain. A headache and nausea are experienced by roughly 80% of persons, and about half of them vomit. Additionally, you can feel dizzy or cold and pale. The average duration of a migraine attack is 4 hours, although more severe cases can continue up to 3 days. Two to four headaches per month are typical. While some people only experience migraines once or twice a year, others may experience them frequently. Postdrome This stage following a headache can last for up to a day. These signs include: feeling worn out, drained, or irritable Being unusually energized or content aching or weakened muscles craving food or having no appetite Migraine Causes Migraine is a condition that results in headaches similar to migraines. Doctors are unaware of the precise cause of migraine headaches, despite the fact that heredity and changes in your brain seem to be involved. Even migraine causes like exhaustion, harsh lights, or changes in the weather can be inherited from your parents. For a very long time, scientists thought that migraines were caused by changes in the blood flow to the brain. Most people now believe that while it may contribute to discomfort, it does not cause it. Current theories suggest that a migraine headache attack is most likely brought on by your trigeminal nerve, which delivers sensation to your head and face. This signals the release of hormones like serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides by your body (CGRP). When CGRP is present, the blood vessels that line the brain swell. The resulting pain and inflammation are subsequently influenced by neurotransmitters. Risk factors for migraines According to the Worldly Migraine Foundation, more than 80 million worldwide suffer from headaches. Some factors could increase your risk of contracting them: Women are three times as likely as males to get migraines. Most people begin experiencing migraines between the ages of 10 and 40 However, many women discover that after the age of 50, their migraines improve or disappear. they turn 50. Family background. Four out of five migraine sufferers have family members who also suffer from the condition. A child has a 50% probability of developing these headaches if one parent has a history of them. The chance increases to 75% if both parents have them. other health problems. Your chances can increase if you have epilepsy, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. Migraine Causes among the frequent migraine causes are: hormone alterations When they are ovulating, pregnant, or around their period, many women report having headaches. Symptoms can also be brought on by menopause, hormonal birth control, or hormone replacement therapy. Stress causes your brain to release chemicals that could change your blood vessels and cause a migraine. Aged cheese, alcohol, and food additives like nitrates (found in lunchmeats, hot dogs, and pepperoni), monosodium glutamate (MSG), and others may be to blame in some individuals. leaving out food Caffeine. Receiving too little or too much might cause headaches. Caffeine alone may be used to treat acute migraine attacks. weather variations. A storm front, variations in barometric pressure, strong winds, or elevation changes can all cause migraines. Senses. A migraine may be brought on by potent odors, bright lights, and loud noises. Medications. Vasodilators, which make your blood vessels bigger, can cause them. Physical exercise. Sex and exercise are included in this. Tobacco shifts in how you sleep. When you sleep too much or too little, you could experience headaches. Headache Types Migraines come in many different varieties. The most frequent are migraines without aura and migraines with aura, generally referred to as “classic migraines” (or common migraine). Other kinds consist of: Migraine at a period. When this occurs, the headache and a woman’s period are related. Silent headache. This kind of migraine is sometimes referred to as an acephalgic migraine. You experience symptoms of an aura rather than a headache. Migraine in the vestibule. Whether you have a headache or not, you experience balance issues, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. People who have previously experienced motion sickness are generally affected by this sort of. constipation headaches Experts don’t know a lot about this variety. It induces nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Children are frequently affected by it, and with time, it may turn into migraine headaches as we know them. migraine with hemiparesis. You briefly feel hemiplegia or weakness on one side of your body. You might also have vertigo, numbness, or poor vision. These symptoms may also be signs of a stroke, so get emergency medical help. Ocular migraine. Another name for this illness is retinal migraine or ocular migraine. In addition to a dull headache that may radiate to the other side of your head, it causes a momentary, full, or total
Oncology Oncology, as a scientific field, is defined as the study of tumours and cancers. One denotes bulk, mass, or tumour, and -logy implies study in the word. An oncologist’s role Cancer specialists or oncologists are medical professionals who practise oncology. These oncologists play a variety of roles. They aid in the diagnosis of cancer, the staging of cancer, and the classification of cancer’s aggressiveness. Oncology diagnostic instruments The patient’s clinical history is still the most important diagnostic tool. Fatigue, weight loss, unexplained anaemia, fever of unknown origin, and other symptoms that point to cancer are common. Oncology relies on diagnostic tools such as biopsy, or the removal of tumour tissue and examination under a microscope. Endoscopy for the gastrointestinal tract, imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scanning, MRI scanning, ultrasound and other radiological techniques, Scintigraphy, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and nuclear medicine techniques, among others, are other diagnostic tools. Blood tests for biological or tumour markers are common methods. The presence of these markers in the blood may be indicative of cancer. How widespread is cancer? Millions of people are living with or have had cancer today. Cancer is the country’s second leading cause of death. In the United States, approximately half of all men and one-third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetime. How long has cancer existed? Some of the earliest evidence of cancer can be found in fossilised bone tumours, ancient Egyptian human mummies, and ancient manuscripts. Mummies have been found with abnormalities resembling osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer. The first known description of cancer is found in the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which is a copy of an ancient Egyptian textbook on trauma surgery. It describes eight cases of breast tumours or ulcers treated with cauterization using a tool called the fire drill. It dates from around 3000 BC. The condition is described as “incurable” on the papyrus. Cancer treatment Oncologists assist in the planning of therapy for each of their patients based on the grade and stage of their cancer. This could be accomplished through surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other means. Other experts Other specialists may be involved in cancer treatment. This includes surgeons, radiation oncologists, and radiotherapists, among others. Oncologists, on the other hand, oversee the entirety of cancer treatment. Relapse and remission Following the completion of initial therapy, oncologists are responsible for monitoring the patient for relapse and remission. The former denotes a recurrence or return of cancer, whereas being in remission denotes cancer-free status. Screening for cancer Oncology and cancer research entails screening the general population for cancer as well as screening patients’ relatives (for cancers thought to have a hereditary basis). In the case of breast cancer, for example, both population screening with mammography and familial screening with genetic analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are used. Palliative care In patients with terminal cancer, the oncologist is also in charge of palliative or symptomatic care. This and other treatment-choice issues raise several ethical concerns, including patient autonomy and choice, which the oncologist must address. Progress in oncology A massive amount of research is being conducted in all areas of oncology, from cancer cell biology to chemotherapy treatment regimens and optimal palliative care and pain relief. As a result, oncology is a constantly changing and evolving field. Clinical trials are used in cancer research. Patients are frequently enrolled in large studies coordinated by Cancer Research UK (CRUK), the Medical Research Council (MRC), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), or the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN) in the United Kingdom (NCRN).
High Blood Pressure without Medication. Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on the artery walls as it circulates through the body. Blood pressure is controlled by several physiological systems. Blood pressure is affected by nerve and hormone signals from the heart, blood arteries, brain, kidneys, and digestive organs, for example. High blood pressure is a potentially fatal condition that causes heart damage. It affects one out of every three Americans, one out of every four adults in India, and one billion people worldwide. Furthermore, if not controlled on time, it raises the risk of various heart diseases and strokes. A change in lifestyle is critical in the treatment of high blood pressure. A healthy lifestyle can help you avoid, postpone, or reduce the need for medications. *Different Methods for Keeping High Blood Pressure Under Control 1. Regular exercise According to studies, regular exercise for approx 150 minutes per week or approximately 30 minutes for 4-5 days per week can reduce blood pressure by 5 to 8 mm Hg. However, stopping exercise halfway through can result in an increase in blood pressure. As a result, consistency in exercise is critical. Exercising helps to prevent hypertension in people who have high blood pressure. It reduces blood vessel stiffness and tension. As a result, blood flows more freely, lowering blood pressure. Furthermore, regular exercise strengthens and improves the heart’s ability to pump blood. As a result, blood pressure in the arteries is reduced. Physical activity includes walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, and dancing. They can assist you in lowering your blood pressure. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is another form of exercise that you can do on a daily basis. Strength training can also help you reduce your blood pressure. As a result, you should incorporate strength training workouts at least twice a week. You can also talk to your doctor about beginning an exercise regimen. 2. Reduce your alcohol consumption Blood pressure can rise as a result of alcohol consumption. According to studies, alcohol is responsible for 16% of all cases of high blood pressure worldwide. Alcohol also has an effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS is controlled by the kidneys and regulates blood pressure with three hormones: renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone. Alcohol raises the level of renin hormone in the bloodstream and causes blood vessels to constrict. Renin also reduces the amount of fluid excreted by your body through urine. Blood pressure rises as fluid levels rise and blood vessels narrow. 3. Reduce the sodium intake Several public health initiatives and many social service organisations are working to reduce the use of salt in the food industry through regulatory controls. Several studies have found that a high salt intake can lead to high blood pressure and cardiac problems, including stroke. Excess sodium-rich foods may raise blood pressure by retaining extra fluid in the body. This adds to the strain on the heart. Too much sodium raises your chances of having a stroke, heart failure, osteoporosis, stomach cancer, and kidney disease. Reduced sodium intake lowers blood pressure by 5 to 6 mm Hg. Sodium’s effect on blood pressure varies from person to person. However, you should limit your daily sodium intake to no more than 2,300 milligrammes (mg). For most adults, a daily sodium intake of 1,500 mg or less is preferable. 4. Caffeine Consumption Should Be Reduced Caffeine is a vasoconstrictor, which causes blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to rise. Caffeine can raise blood pressure by up to 10 mm Hg in people who do not consume it on a regular basis. People who drink coffee on a regular basis, on the other hand, may experience little or no change in their blood pressure. It may also prevent your arteries from remaining as wide as they need to be for proper blood pressure regulation. 5. Consumed of Potassium-Rich Food Potassium is essential because it aids in the elimination of excess sodium through urine, thereby maintaining sodium levels. Potassium promotes proper muscle function. It promotes the efficient function of the heart muscles. It reduces blood pressure by relieving stress in the blood vessel walls. Potassium-rich foods include leafy greens, tomatoes, potatoes, and sweet potatoes, as well as fruits like melons, bananas, avocados, oranges, and apricots. Dairy products should also be consumed. Other potassium-rich foods include salmon and tuna, as well as seeds, nuts, and beans. *Healthy Foods for High Blood Pressure Incorporating healthy foods into one’s daily diet can significantly lower blood pressure. A healthy diet is essential for lowering blood pressure and maintaining a healthy level. Certain foods, particularly those high in vital nutrients like potassium and magnesium, help to lower blood pressure. 1. Tomatoes Maintaining a low sodium intake aids in blood pressure control. Potassium consumption on a daily basis may be equally important due to its artery-widening effects. Tomatoes are high in potassium, which helps to keep blood pressure in check. A high-potassium, low-sodium diet, according to one study, reduces the risk of death from any cause by 20%. Potassium promotes the proper functioning of muscles, including those involved in heartbeat and breathing. Although too much sodium can raise blood pressure, not enough potassium can do the same. It is because of the potassium-sodium relationship. Excess sodium is eliminated through urine when potassium is consumed. If the body does not receive enough potassium, sodium is reabsorbed and retained. As a result, potassium deficiency causes high blood pressure and hypertension. 2. Banana Potassium-rich foods can help lower blood pressure. Bananas, for example, are high in potassium while being low in sodium. Diets high in potassium and low in sodium reduce the risk of hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. High sodium levels in the body strain blood vessels and disrupt the body’s water balance. Consuming potassium-rich foods lowers kidney pressure and helps the body eliminate excess sodium by draining it through urine. Potassium also regulates blood pressure by regulating fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. 3. Dark Chocolate According to research, the flavonoids in
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